|
What is Diabetes ? |
|
· Abnormally high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) disordered metabolism diminished production of insulin (in type 1) or resistance to insulin (in type 2 and gestational) Diabetes 1 Characterized by loss of the insulin-producing ; cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas (see picture), leading to a deficiency of insulin. This type of diabetes can be further called immune-mediated or idiopathic. The majority of type 1 diabetes is of the immune-mediated variety, where beta cell loss is an autoimmune attack. Symptoms may develop quite rapidly (weeks or months), like rapid and significant weight loss, mental fatigue, increased thirst. Type 1 should always be suspected in cases of rapid vision change, may also initially present with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), an extreme state of metabolic dysregulation characterized by the smell of acetone on the patient's breath, nausea; vomiting and abdominal pain, In severe DKA, coma may follow, progressing to death. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency and requires immediate hospitalization Diabetes 2 Due to insulin resistance or reduced insulin sensitivity, combined with relatively reduced, and sometimes absolute, insulin secretion. Type 2 diabetes symptoms usually develop much more slowly and may be subtle or completely absent . All of these symptoms mentioned above except weight loss can also manifest in type 2 diabetes in patients whose diabetes is poorly controlled. Vision change in type 2 change is generally more gradual. A rare but severe possibility is hyperosmolar nonketotic state, which is more common in type 2 diabetes and is mainly the result of dehydration due to loss of body water. Often, the patient has been drinking extreme amounts of sugar-containing drinks, leading to a vicious circle in regard to the water loss. When the glucose concentration in the blood is raised beyond its renal threshold, reabsorption of glucose in the proximal renal tubuli is incomplete, and part of the glucose remains in the urine (glycosuria). This increases the osmotic pressure of the urine and inhibits reabsorption of water by the kidney, resulting in increased urine production (polyuria) and increased fluid loss. Lost blood volume will be replaced osmotically from water held in body cells and other body compartments, causing dehydration and increased thirst |
|
Gestational diabetes Resembles type 2 diabetes in several respects, involving a combination of relatively inadequate insulin secretion and responsiveness. It occurs in about 2%–5% of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery. Typically women with gestational diabetes exhibit no symptoms (another reason for universal screening), but some women may demonstrate increased thirst, increased urination, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, bladder infection, yeast infections and blurred vision. |
|
Manage the Disease ! |
|
Langerhans cells |